Leisure Attitude, Self-Rated Health, and Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Purpose: A positive leisure attitude among older adults may have a beneficial effect on psychological well-being, both directly and indirectly by fostering a more positive perception of one's health. This paper presents a correlational design that explores associations among leisure attitude, self-rated health, and psychological well-being, and analyzes the potential moderating role of gender in these relationships. Patients and Methods: The sample was selected using simple random probability sampling (N= 409; 61.9% female; Mean age = 72.9; SD = 8.43¸ Range of age 53 to 93 years). Diverse sociodemographic information was collected, and leisure attitudes, self-perceived health, and psychological well-being (positive affect and emotional ties) were assessed. Results: The results revealed a positive effect of leisure attitude on self-rated health and psychological well-being, with self-rated health fully mediating the association between the behavioral component of leisure attitude and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between self-rated health and psychological well-being was stronger among men. Conclusion: Positive cognitive and emotional perceptions of leisure among older adults seem to benefit psychological well-being and improve self-rated health, thereby contributing to healthy ageing.

Characteristics of RCTs focusing on health promotion in community samples: a scoping review protocol based on the d-CoSPICO framework.

INTRODUCTION: Developing the capabilities of individuals, groups and communities to enhance their health has received a great deal of attention in the literature. One essential source of results is evidence-based intervention programmes, which often involve a number of different variables. This paper describes a methodology for carrying out a scoping review that maps available evidence on randomised controlled trials focusing on health promotion intervention programmes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The scoping review protocol follows the general Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. It also incorporates some modifications to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review flowchart and complements its methodological framework. This new format, called documents, Concept, Studies, Participants, Interventions, Comparator, and Outcomes (d-CoSPICO), guides the review sequence, which is represented in a flowchart. The search will focus on different sources of information using formal (searches in thematic -PubPsych, ERIC, MedLine, PsychINFO- and multidisciplinary databases -Academic Search Ultimate, Core Collection Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest-, repositories and other websites), informal (contact with researchers), and retrospective (previous reviews on this topic) strategies to identify relevant publications until 2021, including grey literature. Coding, identification, selection, and data extraction will be carried out following the generation of a database in which each retrieved record's content (abstract and/or full text) can be analysed. The review is expected to be completed in 2023. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this review. The d-CoSPICO framework and the results will be disseminated through (a) peer-reviewed publications; (b) presentations at scientific dissemination events and (c) training activities for applying this protocol.

The Contribution of Moral Disengagement to Dating Violence and General Aggression: The Gender and Age Moderating Effects.

The main aims of this study were, first to analyze the partial effects of specific mechanisms of moral disengagement (MMD) on different manifestations of general aggression and dating violence (DV) in adolescents and youths; second, to explore the moderating effects of gender and age on these relations. Moral disengagement, and different forms of aggression and DV, were evaluated in a sample of 424 participants (61.1% women) aged 15 to 25 years (M = 18.80; SD = 2.69). Pearson correlations and different hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. All regressions were controlled by social desirability. MMD contributed to physical aggression with a medium effect size (R2 = .22) and verbal aggression with a small effect size (R2 = .10). Conversely, MMD did not appear to clearly contribute to DV. In conclusion, depersonalization and rationalization were the most important MMD for physical aggression, rationalization for verbal aggression, and irresponsibility for verbal-emotional violence in dating relationships. Moreover, the relationships between physical aggression and rationalization mechanism were significantly moderated by gender: there appears to be a stronger relationship between rationalization and physical aggression in boys than in girls. Moderating effects of age on these relations were not found.

The contribution of moral disengagement to dating violence and general aggression: the gender and age moderating effects

The main aims of this study were, first to analyze the partial effects of specific mechanisms of moral disengagement (MMD) on different manifestations of general aggression and dating violence (DV) in adolescents and youths; second, to explore the moderating effects of gender and age on these relations. Moral disengagement, and different forms of aggression and DV, were evaluated in a sample of 424 participants (61.1% women) aged 15 to 25 years (M = 18.80; SD = 2.69). Pearson correlations and different hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. All regressions were controlled by social desirability. MMD contributed to physical aggression with a medium effect size (R2 = .22) and verbal aggression with a small effect size (R2 = .10). Conversely, MMD did not appear to clearly contribute to DV. In conclusion, depersonalization and rationalization were the most important MMD for physical aggression, rationalization for verbal aggression, and irresponsibility for verbal-emotional violence in dating relationships. Moreover, the relationships between physical aggression and rationalization mechanism were significantly moderated by gender: there appears to be a stronger relationship between rationalization and physical aggression in boys than in girls. Moderating effects of age on these relations were not found

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Prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo: una revisión sistemática / No disponible

Se presenta una revisión sistemática de estudios sobre prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo (física, psicológica y sexual) cometida y sufrida en adolescentes y jóvenes. De 1221 referencias iniciales, 113 cumplían con los criterios de calidad preestablecidos (evaluación de la violencia con instrumentos fiables y válidos, muestras superiores a 500 participantes u obtenidas mediante muestreo probabilístico). Se encontró una gran variabilidad en los datos de prevalencia, con rangos de variación entre el 3.8% y el 41.9% en violencia física cometida; entre el 0.4% y el 57.3% en violencia física sufrida; entre el 4.2% y el 97% en violencia psicológica cometida; entre el 8.5% y el 95.5% en violencia psicológica sufrida; entre el 1.2% y el 58.8% en violencia sexual cometida; y entre el 0.1% y el 64.6% en violencia sexual sufrida. Los resultados sugieren una mayor prevalencia en la perpetración de agresiones psicológicas por mujeres y sexuales por los hombres; una mayor victimización psicológica y sexual en mujeres; así como tasas ligeramente superiores de agresiones en los adolescentes que en los adultos jóvenes. Asimismo, en muchos de los trabajos revisados las agresiones tenían una naturaleza bidireccional (AU)

This article conducts a systematic review on the prevalence of dating violence in adolescents and young people. Primary studies about physical, psychological and sexual dating violence (perpetration and victimization) were analyzed. A total of 1,221 references were found and, out of those, 113 met the pre-established quality criteria (studies had to have used assessment tools with evidence of reliability and validity in samples of over 500 participants or obtained through probabilistic sampling). The results showed great variability in the figures on the prevalence of dating violence. Specifically, the percentages range from 3.8% to 41.9% for perpetrated physical violence; from 0.4% to 57.3% for victimized physical violence; from 4.2% to 97% for perpetrated psychological violence; from 8.5% to 95.5% for victimized psychological violence; from 1.2% to 58.8% for perpetrated sexual violence; and finally, from 0.1% to 64.6% for victimized sexual violence. The results suggest a higher prevalence in the perpetration of psychological aggression by women and sexual violence by men; greater psychological and sexual victimization in women; and slightly higher rates of aggression in adolescents than in young adults. Also, in many of the papers the aggression had a bidirectional nature (AU)

Aggression, anger and hostility: Evaluation of moral disengagement as a mediational process.

This study examines how the mechanisms underlying moral disengagement serve as a mediator between anger and hostility and physical and verbal aggression. The study was carried out on 424 participants (61.1% females), aged 15 to 25 years, assessing the direct and indirect effects of the distinct variables using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that anger and hostility contribute independently and positively to physical and verbal aggression. Moreover, the relationships between anger, hostility, and aggression appear to be mediated by moral disengagement. Indeed, this process of mediation was invariant across sexes, and it tended to be stronger for physical--as opposed to verbal--aggression.